The Advanced Student's Corner

Martin Pistorius was a healthy 12-year-old growing up in South Africa when he was diagnosed with a degenerative illness, he fell into a state where he was unable to move or communicate, but remained fully cognizant.

Technology in India is taking off, and this is most evident in Bengaluru, formerly known as Bangalore, where a third of its workforce are based. The market is booming, and proving to be very lucrative, with the industry expected to be worth an estimated $12bn by 2015. Adam Shaw meets the founder and chairman of Infosys technologies, an Indian company that was founded with just $250, but now has offices in 33 countries and employs 128,000 people.

Neuroscientist Sheila Nirenberg has found a technique that promises to treat blindness, and it all began with her idea to crack the brain’s visual code… A stream of light from the words and pictures is bouncing into the eyeball and falling onto photoreceptor cells on the retina. This visual information is passed on to output cells and then transmitted to the brain as a kind of code, where it is reconstructed to make up the letters in this sentence you are reading right now. Degenerative eye diseases, however, can wreak havoc on this process, says neuroscientist Sheila Nirenberg of Weill Medical College at Cornell University. When they damage the retina, the image in front of you never gets further than the eyeball; the chain is broken. That’s what makes the technology that Nirenberg has built rather remarkable. She has found a way to transmit a visual code directly to the brain, bypassing damaged cells in the eye. In other words, she can help the blind see again. In the ...